The toBase method in PHP returns a new collection instance that contains all the data from the current collection. This is useful when you want to modify the collection without changing the original instance. For example, you can create a new collection with uppercase names by using the toBase method and then applying the map function to modify the resulting collection.

The crossJoin method in PHP allows you to join the items within a collection with the values of input arrays or collections. This produces a Cartesian product, which can be useful for various applications. In the provided example, the method is used to determine the total number of product combinations that a manufacturer will be producing. This can be useful for production planning and distribution pipelines. The method is flexible and can handle more complex scenarios as well.

The diff method in Laravel is used to find the items in a collection that are not present in another collection or an array. It returns a new instance of a collection.

The containsStrict method in Laravel acts as a shortcut to the contains method with a strict comparison operator. It is used to check if a collection contains a given value using strict comparison. The method can be used with both key-value pairs or only the value.

The contains method is used to check if a given key or key/value pair exists within a collection. It is versatile and can be used with different types of data, such as arrays and objects. You can also provide a function as an argument to perform custom truth tests. However, be careful when using the method with null as the second argument, as it will always return true. Additionally, you can use the contains method in conjunction with higher order messaging to access properties and invoke methods on objects within a collection.

The has method in Laravel's Collection class allows you to check if an item exists in the collection based on a given key. It returns true if the item exists and false if it does not. You can easily use this method to determine the presence of specific items in your collection.

The mode method in PHP's collection class allows you to find the value that appears most often in a dataset. You can optionally specify a key to determine the mode based on specific data fields. For example, you can find the most common number of employees in a collection of department data.

The dump method in Laravel is used to display the contents of a collection for debugging purposes. Unlike the dd method, the dump method does not stop the execution of the script. It behaves similarly to PHP's var_dump function.

The dd method in Laravel dumps the contents of a collection and stops the execution of the script. It acts exclusively on the collection's internal array and provides a helpful way to debug your code. You can use it to inspect the contents of a collection during development and ensure the correct data is being stored.

The pad method pads the elements of the collection up to the desired size with the specified value. It returns a new collection without modifying the original collection. The behavior of this method is similar to PHP's array_pad function. In the example, we create an initial collection and then create two new padded collections, demonstrating the different results between padding an existing collection and padding a new collection.

The except method in Laravel allows you to retrieve all key/value pairs from a collection except for the ones specified in the given array. You can easily remove sensitive data by combining except with the toJson method and send the modified information to an end user. See code examples for more details.

The tap method in PHP allows you to supply a callback that receives a copy of the current collection instance. The original collection is not modified, but the callback can perform actions on the copied version and return a reference to the original collection. In the provided example, the tap method is used to access a copy of the original collection, transform its items to uppercase, and return an array containing the unchanged original collection items.

The pipe method in Laravel allows you to execute a callback function on a copy of a collection and returns the result of the callback. In the provided example, the pipe method is used to calculate the median value of a collection. Another example demonstrates how to retrieve weather forecasts from the Yahoo Weather API for a collection of locations using the pipe method. The getForecasts function uses the pipe method to gather weather forecasts and return a new collection instance with the locations and forecasts.